A novel structured-light prototype system was proposed in Thabet et al. 12 also developed a 4D foot scanning prototype by using commodity hardware and RGB-D cameras to make the 4D scanning more accessible, with the use of active stereoscopic vision technology. The scanning system was then upgraded so that a camera and an LCD projector could be used to reduce noise and simplify the detection process of the corresponding points 13. Multi-view stereo matching was used to capture the dorsal surface of the foot.
A technique for taking the cross-sectional (ball, instep, and heel) measurements of the foot during walking was proposed in Kimura et al. However, socks must be worn or else the surface of the feet must be painted with ink to solve the problem of lack of texture, which is undesirable in a clinical setting. 15 consists of six cameras that work in a synchronised manner. The dynamic foot scanning system proposed in Coudert et al. Nevertheless, little research has been conducted on the changes in foot shape with motion 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 due to the high cost of dynamic scanning systems. Based on self-reported through interview and surveys, foot ulcers are frequently caused by new shoes, friction caused by footwear materials, and inappropriate fit 9. However, the lack of dynamic foot information has compelled designers to consider dynamic foot deformation information based on their own assumptions and experience when designing shoe lasts 8.
It is widely accepted the footwear should match with the foot shape for optimal fit and wear comfort 7. Undoubtedly, the foot shape changes with different loads in standing and walking conditions 4, 5, 6. The foot shape in the half weight bearing (HWB) condition provides an important reference source for customised insole designs 1, 2, while the subtalar joint in the neutral position is widely used for foot orthoses in clinical casting 3. The findings provide a new understanding of foot shape changes in dynamic situations, thus providing an optimal solution for foot comfort, function and protection.Īccurate foot measurements are important to enable footwear and insole fit and comfort. Width dimensions have maximum deformation at heel take off. During the foot roll-over process, maximum deformation of length and girth dimensions are found at first toe contact.
Ultraboost 4d on feet registration#
Point cloud registration for scanned image reorientation and algorithms to automatically extract foot measurements is developed. The scanning system has good repeatability and accuracy in both static and dynamic scanning situations. This study analyses the foot deformation of 19 female diabetic patients during half weight bearing standing and self-selected walking speed by using a novel 4D foot scanning system. However, there lacks investigations on continuous deformation of foot shape during the roll-over process. Accurate and reliable foot measurements at different stances offer comprehensive geometrical information on foot, thus enabling a more comfortable insole/footwear for practical use and daily activities.
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